What is a Local Area Network (LAN)?

LANs come in two primary configurations, each with distinct security considerations:

Client/Server LANs feature a centralized server managing file storage, applications, and network access. This centralization offers better security control but creates a single point of failure. If cybercriminals compromise the server, they potentially access the entire network. Most business and educational networks use this model because it provides administrators with granular control over user permissions and data access.

Peer-to-Peer LANs distribute network functions across all connected devices without a central server. While this eliminates single points of failure, it makes security management more challenging. Each device becomes a potential entry point for attackers. Home networks typically use this simpler approach.

Virtual LANs (VLANs) represent an advanced security feature that segments network traffic using software rather than physical separation. VLANs allow administrators to isolate sensitive systems from general network traffic, significantly improving security posture.