Steganography is the practice of concealing information within another file, message, or medium that appears normal. This technique ensures that the hidden information's very existence is kept secret.
How steganography works
Steganography operates by embedding secret data into files such as images, audio, or text without altering their appearance or usability. For example, a picture may look like a regular vacation photo, but hidden within its digital coding could be text, a map, or even a malicious command. Unlike cryptography, which scrambles information to make it unreadable without a key, steganography aims to make the data invisible altogether.
A common method is "Least Significant Bit" (LSB) steganography, where tiny, imperceptible changes in a file's binary code hide the secret information. Another example is embedding hidden text within the metadata of a photo or video.
Why steganography matters in cybersecurity
Steganography plays a dual role in cybersecurity. On one hand, it enables secure and private communication, such as circumventing censorship in oppressive regimes. On the other hand, it’s a tool for cybercriminals who use it to mask malware or exfiltrate sensitive data unnoticed.
For instance, attackers can embed scripts within benign-seeming files like images or videos and deliver them as email attachments. Recent ransomware campaigns have utilized steganography to bypass traditional defenses by hiding malicious payloads inside seemingly harmless visuals.
FAQs
Steganography is used to hide information within files or messages, often for secure communication or digital watermarking.
Cryptography encrypts data to make it unreadable, while steganography hides the existence of the data entirely.
Yes, attackers can use it to hide malware in innocuous files or mask the exfiltration of data.
Cybercriminals have used malicious image files or videos in ransomware attacks and phishing campaigns.
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